Update from Dark Visitors

Revert "Merge pull request #91 from deyigifts/perplexity-user"
2025-04-04 11:03:59 +00:00 · 2025-03-29 00:54:10 +00:00 · 2025-03-28 00:54:28 +00:00 · 2025-03-27 12:51:22 -07:00 · 2025-03-27 19:49:15 +00:00 · 2025-03-27 19:49:05 +00:00
14 changed files with 241 additions and 76 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/run-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/run-tests.yml
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+jobs:
+  run-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          pip install -U requests beautifulsoup4
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          code/tests.py
--- a/.htaccess
+++ b/.htaccess
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 RewriteEngine On
-RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(AI2Bot|Ai2Bot-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic-ai|Applebot|Applebot-Extended|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT-User|Claude-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere-ai|cohere-training-data-crawler|Crawlspace|Diffbot|DuckAssistBot|FacebookBot|FriendlyCrawler|Google-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther-Image|GoogleOther-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2.0|ICC-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta-ExternalAgent|Meta-ExternalFetcher|OAI-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PanguBot|PerplexityBot|PetalBot|Scrapy|SemrushBot-OCOB|SemrushBot-SWA|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio-Extended|YouBot).*$ [NC]
-RewriteRule .* - [F,L]
+RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (AI2Bot|Ai2Bot\-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic\-ai|Applebot|Applebot\-Extended|Brightbot\ 1\.0|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT\-User|Claude\-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere\-ai|cohere\-training\-data\-crawler|Crawlspace|Diffbot|DuckAssistBot|FacebookBot|FriendlyCrawler|Google\-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther\-Image|GoogleOther\-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2\.0|ICC\-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta\-ExternalAgent|Meta\-ExternalFetcher|OAI\-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PanguBot|PerplexityBot|Perplexity‑User|PetalBot|Scrapy|SemrushBot\-OCOB|SemrushBot\-SWA|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio\-Extended|YouBot) [NC]
+RewriteRule !^/?robots\.txt$ - [F,L]
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -13,16 +13,24 @@ If you'd like to add information about a crawler to the list, please make a pull
 This repository provides the following files:
 - `robots.txt`
 - `.htaccess`
+- `nginx-block-ai-bots.conf`

 `robots.txt` implements the Robots Exclusion Protocol ([RFC 9309](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9309.html)).

 `.htaccess` may be used to configure web servers such as [Apache httpd](https://httpd.apache.org/) to return an error page when one of the listed AI crawlers sends a request to the web server.
 Note that, as stated in the [httpd documentation](https://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/howto/htaccess.html), more performant methods than an `.htaccess` file exist.

+`nginx-block-ai-bots.conf` implements a Nginx configuration snippet that can be included in any virtual host `server {}` block via the `include` directive.
+

 ## Contributing

-A note about contributing: updates should be added/made to `robots.json`. A GitHub action will then generate the updated `robots.txt`, `table-of-bot-metrics.md`, and `.htaccess`.
+A note about contributing: updates should be added/made to `robots.json`. A GitHub action will then generate the updated `robots.txt`, `table-of-bot-metrics.md`, `.htaccess` and `nginx-block-ai-bots.conf`.
+
+You can run the tests by [installing](https://www.python.org/about/gettingstarted/) Python 3 and issuing:
+```console
+code/tests.py
+```

 ## Subscribe to updates

@ -39,7 +47,7 @@ Alternatively, you can also subscribe to new releases with your GitHub account b
 ## Report abusive crawlers

 If you use [Cloudflare's hard block](https://blog.cloudflare.com/declaring-your-aindependence-block-ai-bots-scrapers-and-crawlers-with-a-single-click) alongside this list, you can report abusive crawlers that don't respect `robots.txt` [here](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScbUZ2vlNSdcsb8LyTeSF7uLzQI96s0BKGoJ6wQ6ocUFNOKEg/viewform).
-
+But even if you don't use Cloudflare's hard block, their list of [verified bots](https://radar.cloudflare.com/traffic/verified-bots) may come in handy.
 ## Additional resources

 - [Blocking Bots with Nginx](https://rknight.me/blog/blocking-bots-with-nginx/) by Robb Knight
--- a/code/robots.py
+++ b/code/robots.py
@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-import json
-from pathlib import Path
+#!/usr/bin/env python3

+import json
+import re
 import requests
+
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
+from pathlib import Path


 def load_robots_json():
@ -99,7 +102,6 @@ def updated_robots_json(soup):


 def ingest_darkvisitors():
-
    old_robots_json = load_robots_json()
    soup = get_agent_soup()
    if soup:
@ -121,30 +123,41 @@ def json_to_txt(robots_json):
    return robots_txt


+def escape_md(s):
+    return re.sub(r"([]*\\|`(){}<>#+-.!_[])", r"\\\1", s)
+
+
 def json_to_table(robots_json):
    """Compose a markdown table with the information in robots.json"""
    table = "| Name | Operator | Respects `robots.txt` | Data use | Visit regularity | Description |\n"
-    table += "|-----|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|\n"
+    table += "|------|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|\n"

    for name, robot in robots_json.items():
-        table += f'| {name} | {robot["operator"]} | {robot["respect"]} | {robot["function"]} | {robot["frequency"]} | {robot["description"]} |\n'
+        table += f'| {escape_md(name)} | {robot["operator"]} | {robot["respect"]} | {robot["function"]} | {robot["frequency"]} | {robot["description"]} |\n'

    return table


+def list_to_pcre(lst):
+    # Python re is not 100% identical to PCRE which is used by Apache, but it
+    # should probably be close enough in the real world for re.escape to work.
+    return f"({"|".join(map(re.escape, lst))})"
+
+
 def json_to_htaccess(robot_json):
    # Creates a .htaccess filter file. It uses a regular expression to filter out
    # User agents that contain any of the blocked values.
    htaccess = "RewriteEngine On\n"
-    htaccess += "RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*("
-
-    # Escape spaces in each User Agent to build the regular expression
-    robots = map(lambda el: el.replace(" ", "\\ "), robot_json.keys())
-    htaccess += "|".join(robots)
-    htaccess += ").*$ [NC]\n"
-    htaccess += "RewriteRule .* - [F,L]"
+    htaccess += f"RewriteCond %{{HTTP_USER_AGENT}} {list_to_pcre(robot_json.keys())} [NC]\n"
+    htaccess += "RewriteRule !^/?robots\\.txt$ - [F,L]\n"
    return htaccess

+def json_to_nginx(robot_json):
+    # Creates an Nginx config file. This config snippet can be included in 
+    # nginx server{} blocks to block AI bots.
+    config = f"if ($http_user_agent ~* \"{list_to_pcre(robot_json.keys())}\") {{\n    return 403;\n}}"
+    return config
+

 def update_file_if_changed(file_name, converter):
    """Update files if newer content is available and log the (in)actions."""
@ -171,6 +184,10 @@ def conversions():
        file_name="./.htaccess",
        converter=json_to_htaccess,
    )
+    update_file_if_changed(
+        file_name="./nginx-block-ai-bots.conf",
+        converter=json_to_nginx,
+    )


 if __name__ == "__main__":
--- a/code/test_files/.htaccess
+++ b/code/test_files/.htaccess
@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 RewriteEngine On
-RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*(AI2Bot|Ai2Bot-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic-ai|Applebot|Applebot-Extended|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT-User|Claude-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere-ai|Diffbot|FacebookBot|facebookexternalhit|FriendlyCrawler|Google-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther-Image|GoogleOther-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2.0|ICC-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta-ExternalAgent|Meta-ExternalFetcher|OAI-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PerplexityBot|PetalBot|Scrapy|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio-Extended|YouBot).*$ [NC]
-RewriteRule .* - [F,L]
+RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} (AI2Bot|Ai2Bot\-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic\-ai|Applebot|Applebot\-Extended|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT\-User|Claude\-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere\-ai|Diffbot|FacebookBot|facebookexternalhit|FriendlyCrawler|Google\-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther\-Image|GoogleOther\-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2\.0|ICC\-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta\-ExternalAgent|Meta\-ExternalFetcher|OAI\-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PerplexityBot|PetalBot|Scrapy|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio\-Extended|YouBot|crawler\.with\.dots|star\*\*\*crawler|Is\ this\ a\ crawler\?|a\[mazing\]\{42\}\(robot\)|2\^32\$|curl\|sudo\ bash) [NC]
+RewriteRule !^/?robots\.txt$ - [F,L]
--- a/code/test_files/nginx-block-ai-bots.conf
+++ b/code/test_files/nginx-block-ai-bots.conf
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+if ($http_user_agent ~* "(AI2Bot|Ai2Bot\-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic\-ai|Applebot|Applebot\-Extended|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT\-User|Claude\-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere\-ai|Diffbot|FacebookBot|facebookexternalhit|FriendlyCrawler|Google\-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther\-Image|GoogleOther\-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2\.0|ICC\-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta\-ExternalAgent|Meta\-ExternalFetcher|OAI\-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PerplexityBot|PetalBot|Scrapy|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio\-Extended|YouBot|crawler\.with\.dots|star\*\*\*crawler|Is\ this\ a\ crawler\?|a\[mazing\]\{42\}\(robot\)|2\^32\$|curl\|sudo\ bash)") {
+    return 403;
+}
--- a/code/test_files/robots.json
+++ b/code/test_files/robots.json
@ -278,5 +278,47 @@
        "function": "Scrapes data for search engine and LLMs.",
        "frequency": "No information.",
        "description": "Retrieves data used for You.com web search engine and LLMs."
+    },
+    "crawler.with.dots": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression dots need to be escaped."
+    },
+    "star***crawler": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression stars need to be escaped."
+    },
+    "Is this a crawler?": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression spaces and question marks need to be escaped."
+    },
+    "a[mazing]{42}(robot)": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression parantheses, braces, etc. need to be escaped."
+    },
+    "2^32$": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression RE anchor characters need to be escaped."
+    },
+    "curl|sudo bash": {
+        "operator": "Test suite",
+        "respect": "No",
+        "function": "To ensure the code works correctly.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "When used in the .htaccess regular expression pipes need to be escaped."
    }
-}
+}
--- a/code/test_files/robots.txt
+++ b/code/test_files/robots.txt
@ -38,4 +38,10 @@ User-agent: Timpibot
 User-agent: VelenPublicWebCrawler
 User-agent: Webzio-Extended
 User-agent: YouBot
+User-agent: crawler.with.dots
+User-agent: star***crawler
+User-agent: Is this a crawler?
+User-agent: a[mazing]{42}(robot)
+User-agent: 2^32$
+User-agent: curl|sudo bash
 Disallow: /
--- a/code/test_files/table-of-bot-metrics.md
+++ b/code/test_files/table-of-bot-metrics.md
@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
 | Name | Operator | Respects `robots.txt` | Data use | Visit regularity | Description |
-|-----|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|
+|------|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|
 | AI2Bot | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
-| Ai2Bot-Dolma | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
+| Ai2Bot\-Dolma | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
 | Amazonbot | Amazon | Yes | Service improvement and enabling answers for Alexa users. | No information provided. | Includes references to crawled website when surfacing answers via Alexa; does not clearly outline other uses. |
-| anthropic-ai | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
+| anthropic\-ai | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
 | Applebot | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Search Crawlers | Unclear at this time. | Applebot is a web crawler used by Apple to index search results that allow the Siri AI Assistant to answer user questions. Siri's answers normally contain references to the website. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/applebot |
-| Applebot-Extended | [Apple](https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829#datausage) | Yes | Powers features in Siri, Spotlight, Safari, Apple Intelligence, and others. | Unclear at this time. | Apple has a secondary user agent, Applebot-Extended ... [that is] used to train Apple's foundation models powering generative AI features across Apple products, including Apple Intelligence, Services, and Developer Tools. |
+| Applebot\-Extended | [Apple](https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829#datausage) | Yes | Powers features in Siri, Spotlight, Safari, Apple Intelligence, and others. | Unclear at this time. | Apple has a secondary user agent, Applebot-Extended ... [that is] used to train Apple's foundation models powering generative AI features across Apple products, including Apple Intelligence, Services, and Developer Tools. |
 | Bytespider | ByteDance | No | LLM training. | Unclear at this time. | Downloads data to train LLMS, including ChatGPT competitors. |
 | CCBot | [Common Crawl Foundation](https://commoncrawl.org) | [Yes](https://commoncrawl.org/ccbot) | Provides open crawl dataset, used for many purposes, including Machine Learning/AI. | Monthly at present. | Web archive going back to 2008. [Cited in thousands of research papers per year](https://commoncrawl.org/research-papers). |
-| ChatGPT-User | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Takes action based on user prompts. | Only when prompted by a user. | Used by plugins in ChatGPT to answer queries based on user input. |
-| Claude-Web | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
+| ChatGPT\-User | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Takes action based on user prompts. | Only when prompted by a user. | Used by plugins in ChatGPT to answer queries based on user input. |
+| Claude\-Web | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
 | ClaudeBot | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | [Yes](https://support.anthropic.com/en/articles/8896518-does-anthropic-crawl-data-from-the-web-and-how-can-site-owners-block-the-crawler) | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
-| cohere-ai | [Cohere](https://cohere.com) | Unclear at this time. | Retrieves data to provide responses to user-initiated prompts. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Retrieves data based on user prompts. |
+| cohere\-ai | [Cohere](https://cohere.com) | Unclear at this time. | Retrieves data to provide responses to user-initiated prompts. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Retrieves data based on user prompts. |
 | Diffbot | [Diffbot](https://www.diffbot.com/) | At the discretion of Diffbot users. | Aggregates structured web data for monitoring and AI model training. | Unclear at this time. | Diffbot is an application used to parse web pages into structured data; this data is used for monitoring or AI model training. |
 | FacebookBot | Meta/Facebook | [Yes](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/bot/) | Training language models | Up to 1 page per second | Officially used for training Meta "speech recognition technology," unknown if used to train Meta AI specifically. |
 | facebookexternalhit | Meta/Facebook | [Yes](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/bot/) | No information. | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. |
 | FriendlyCrawler | Unknown | [Yes](https://imho.alex-kunz.com/2024/01/25/an-update-on-friendly-crawler) | We are using the data from the crawler to build datasets for machine learning experiments. | Unclear at this time. | Unclear who the operator is; but data is used for training/machine learning. |
-| Google-Extended | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | LLM training. | No information. | Used to train Gemini and Vertex AI generative APIs. Does not impact a site's inclusion or ranking in Google Search. |
+| Google\-Extended | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | LLM training. | No information. | Used to train Gemini and Vertex AI generative APIs. Does not impact a site's inclusion or ranking in Google Search. |
 | GoogleOther | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
-| GoogleOther-Image | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
-| GoogleOther-Video | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
+| GoogleOther\-Image | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
+| GoogleOther\-Video | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
 | GPTBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Scrapes data to train OpenAI's products. | No information. | Data is used to train current and future models, removed paywalled data, PII and data that violates the company's policies. |
-| iaskspider/2.0 | iAsk | No | Crawls sites to provide answers to user queries. | Unclear at this time. | Used to provide answers to user queries. |
-| ICC-Crawler | [NICT](https://nict.go.jp) | Yes | Scrapes data to train and support AI technologies. | No information. | Use the collected data for artificial intelligence technologies; provide data to third parties, including commercial companies; those companies can use the data for their own business. |
+| iaskspider/2\.0 | iAsk | No | Crawls sites to provide answers to user queries. | Unclear at this time. | Used to provide answers to user queries. |
+| ICC\-Crawler | [NICT](https://nict.go.jp) | Yes | Scrapes data to train and support AI technologies. | No information. | Use the collected data for artificial intelligence technologies; provide data to third parties, including commercial companies; those companies can use the data for their own business. |
 | ImagesiftBot | [ImageSift](https://imagesift.com) | [Yes](https://imagesift.com/about) | ImageSiftBot is a web crawler that scrapes the internet for publicly available images to support our suite of web intelligence products | No information. | Once images and text are downloaded from a webpage, ImageSift analyzes this data from the page and stores the information in an index. Our web intelligence products use this index to enable search and retrieval of similar images. |
 | img2dataset | [img2dataset](https://github.com/rom1504/img2dataset) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes images for use in LLMs. | At the discretion of img2dataset users. | Downloads large sets of images into datasets for LLM training or other purposes. |
 | ISSCyberRiskCrawler | [ISS-Corporate](https://iss-cyber.com) | No | Scrapes data to train machine learning models. | No information. | Used to train machine learning based models to quantify cyber risk. |
 | Kangaroo Bot | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Kangaroo Bot is used by the company Kangaroo LLM to download data to train AI models tailored to Australian language and culture. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/kangaroo-bot |
-| Meta-ExternalAgent | [Meta](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers) | Yes. | Used to train models and improve products. | No information. | "The Meta-ExternalAgent crawler crawls the web for use cases such as training AI models or improving products by indexing content directly." |
-| Meta-ExternalFetcher | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Assistants | Unclear at this time. | Meta-ExternalFetcher is dispatched by Meta AI products in response to user prompts, when they need to fetch an individual links. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/meta-externalfetcher |
-| OAI-SearchBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | [Yes](https://platform.openai.com/docs/bots) | Search result generation. | No information. | Crawls sites to surface as results in SearchGPT. |
+| Meta\-ExternalAgent | [Meta](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers) | Yes. | Used to train models and improve products. | No information. | "The Meta-ExternalAgent crawler crawls the web for use cases such as training AI models or improving products by indexing content directly." |
+| Meta\-ExternalFetcher | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Assistants | Unclear at this time. | Meta-ExternalFetcher is dispatched by Meta AI products in response to user prompts, when they need to fetch an individual links. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/meta-externalfetcher |
+| OAI\-SearchBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | [Yes](https://platform.openai.com/docs/bots) | Search result generation. | No information. | Crawls sites to surface as results in SearchGPT. |
 | omgili | [Webz.io](https://webz.io/) | [Yes](https://webz.io/blog/web-data/what-is-the-omgili-bot-and-why-is-it-crawling-your-website/) | Data is sold. | No information. | Crawls sites for APIs used by Hootsuite, Sprinklr, NetBase, and other companies. Data also sold for research purposes or LLM training. |
 | omgilibot | [Webz.io](https://webz.io/) | [Yes](https://web.archive.org/web/20170704003301/http://omgili.com/Crawler.html) | Data is sold. | No information. | Legacy user agent initially used for Omgili search engine. Unknown if still used, `omgili` agent still used by Webz.io. |
 | PerplexityBot | [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/) | [No](https://www.macstories.net/stories/wired-confirms-perplexity-is-bypassing-efforts-by-websites-to-block-its-web-crawler/) | Used to answer queries at the request of users. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Operated by Perplexity to obtain results in response to user queries. |
@ -38,5 +38,11 @@
 | Sidetrade indexer bot | [Sidetrade](https://www.sidetrade.com) | Unclear at this time. | Extracts data for a variety of uses including training AI. | No information. | AI product training. |
 | Timpibot | [Timpi](https://timpi.io) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data for use in training LLMs. | No information. | Makes data available for training AI models. |
 | VelenPublicWebCrawler | [Velen Crawler](https://velen.io) | [Yes](https://velen.io) | Scrapes data for business data sets and machine learning models. | No information. | "Our goal with this crawler is to build business datasets and machine learning models to better understand the web." |
-| Webzio-Extended | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Webzio-Extended is a web crawler used by Webz.io to maintain a repository of web crawl data that it sells to other companies, including those using it to train AI models. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/webzio-extended |
+| Webzio\-Extended | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Webzio-Extended is a web crawler used by Webz.io to maintain a repository of web crawl data that it sells to other companies, including those using it to train AI models. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/webzio-extended |
 | YouBot | [You](https://about.you.com/youchat/) | [Yes](https://about.you.com/youbot/) | Scrapes data for search engine and LLMs. | No information. | Retrieves data used for You.com web search engine and LLMs. |
+| crawler\.with\.dots | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression dots need to be escaped. |
+| star\*\*\*crawler | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression stars need to be escaped. |
+| Is this a crawler? | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression spaces and question marks need to be escaped. |
+| a\[mazing\]\{42\}\(robot\) | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression parantheses, braces, etc. need to be escaped. |
+| 2^32$ | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression RE anchor characters need to be escaped. |
+| curl\|sudo bash | Test suite | No | To ensure the code works correctly. | No information. | When used in the .htaccess regular expression pipes need to be escaped. |
--- a/code/tests.py
+++ b/code/tests.py
@ -1,27 +1,68 @@
-"""These tests can be run with pytest.
-This requires pytest: pip install pytest
-cd to the `code` directory and run `pytest`
-"""
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""To run these tests just execute this script."""

 import json
-from pathlib import Path
+import unittest

-from robots import json_to_txt, json_to_table, json_to_htaccess
+from robots import json_to_txt, json_to_table, json_to_htaccess, json_to_nginx
+
+class RobotsUnittestExtensions:
+    def loadJson(self, pathname):
+        with open(pathname, "rt") as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+
+    def assertEqualsFile(self, f, s):
+        with open(f, "rt") as f:
+            f_contents = f.read()
+
+        return self.assertMultiLineEqual(f_contents, s)


-def test_robots_txt_creation():
-    robots_json = json.loads(Path("test_files/robots.json").read_text())
-    robots_txt = json_to_txt(robots_json)
-    assert Path("test_files/robots.txt").read_text() == robots_txt
+class TestRobotsTXTGeneration(unittest.TestCase, RobotsUnittestExtensions):
+    maxDiff = 8192
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.robots_dict = self.loadJson("test_files/robots.json")
+
+    def test_robots_txt_generation(self):
+        robots_txt = json_to_txt(self.robots_dict)
+        self.assertEqualsFile("test_files/robots.txt", robots_txt)


-def test_table_of_bot_metrices_md():
-    robots_json = json.loads(Path("test_files/robots.json").read_text())
-    robots_table = json_to_table(robots_json)
-    assert Path("test_files/table-of-bot-metrics.md").read_text() == robots_table
+class TestTableMetricsGeneration(unittest.TestCase, RobotsUnittestExtensions):
+    maxDiff = 32768
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.robots_dict = self.loadJson("test_files/robots.json")
+
+    def test_table_generation(self):
+        robots_table = json_to_table(self.robots_dict)
+        self.assertEqualsFile("test_files/table-of-bot-metrics.md", robots_table)


-def test_htaccess_creation():
-    robots_json = json.loads(Path("test_files/robots.json").read_text())
-    robots_htaccess = json_to_htaccess(robots_json)
-    assert Path("test_files/.htaccess").read_text() == robots_htaccess
+class TestHtaccessGeneration(unittest.TestCase, RobotsUnittestExtensions):
+    maxDiff = 8192
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.robots_dict = self.loadJson("test_files/robots.json")
+
+    def test_htaccess_generation(self):
+        robots_htaccess = json_to_htaccess(self.robots_dict)
+        self.assertEqualsFile("test_files/.htaccess", robots_htaccess)
+
+class TestNginxConfigGeneration(unittest.TestCase, RobotsUnittestExtensions):
+    maxDiff = 8192
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.robots_dict = self.loadJson("test_files/robots.json")
+
+    def test_nginx_generation(self):
+        robots_nginx = json_to_nginx(self.robots_dict)
+        self.assertEqualsFile("test_files/nginx-block-ai-bots.conf", robots_nginx)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import os
+    os.chdir(os.path.dirname(__file__))
+
+    unittest.main(verbosity=2)
--- a/nginx-block-ai-bots.conf
+++ b/nginx-block-ai-bots.conf
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+if ($http_user_agent ~* "(AI2Bot|Ai2Bot\-Dolma|Amazonbot|anthropic\-ai|Applebot|Applebot\-Extended|Brightbot\ 1\.0|Bytespider|CCBot|ChatGPT\-User|Claude\-Web|ClaudeBot|cohere\-ai|cohere\-training\-data\-crawler|Crawlspace|Diffbot|DuckAssistBot|FacebookBot|FriendlyCrawler|Google\-Extended|GoogleOther|GoogleOther\-Image|GoogleOther\-Video|GPTBot|iaskspider/2\.0|ICC\-Crawler|ImagesiftBot|img2dataset|ISSCyberRiskCrawler|Kangaroo\ Bot|Meta\-ExternalAgent|Meta\-ExternalFetcher|OAI\-SearchBot|omgili|omgilibot|PanguBot|PerplexityBot|Perplexity‑User|PetalBot|Scrapy|SemrushBot\-OCOB|SemrushBot\-SWA|Sidetrade\ indexer\ bot|Timpibot|VelenPublicWebCrawler|Webzio\-Extended|YouBot)") {
+    return 403;
+}
--- a/robots.json
+++ b/robots.json
@ -41,6 +41,13 @@
        "frequency": "Unclear at this time.",
        "description": "Apple has a secondary user agent, Applebot-Extended ... [that is] used to train Apple's foundation models powering generative AI features across Apple products, including Apple Intelligence, Services, and Developer Tools."
    },
+    "Brightbot 1.0": {
+        "operator": "Browsing.ai",
+        "respect": "Unclear at this time.",
+        "function": "LLM/AI training.",
+        "frequency": "Unclear at this time.",
+        "description": "Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products focused on website customer support."
+    },
    "Bytespider": {
        "operator": "ByteDance",
        "respect": "No",
@ -246,10 +253,17 @@
    },
    "PerplexityBot": {
        "operator": "[Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/)",
-        "respect": "[No](https://www.macstories.net/stories/wired-confirms-perplexity-is-bypassing-efforts-by-websites-to-block-its-web-crawler/)",
+        "respect": "[Yes](https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/bots)",
+        "function": "Search result generation.",
+        "frequency": "No information.",
+        "description": "Crawls sites to surface as results in Perplexity."
+    },
+    "Perplexity\u2011User": {
+        "operator": "[Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/)",
+        "respect": "[No](https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/bots)",
        "function": "Used to answer queries at the request of users.",
-        "frequency": "Takes action based on user prompts.",
-        "description": "Operated by Perplexity to obtain results in response to user queries."
+        "frequency": "Only when prompted by a user.",
+        "description": "Visit web pages to help provide an accurate answer and include links to the page in Perplexity response."
    },
    "PetalBot": {
        "description": "Operated by Huawei to provide search and AI assistant services.",
--- a/robots.txt
+++ b/robots.txt
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ User-agent: Amazonbot
 User-agent: anthropic-ai
 User-agent: Applebot
 User-agent: Applebot-Extended
+User-agent: Brightbot 1.0
 User-agent: Bytespider
 User-agent: CCBot
 User-agent: ChatGPT-User
@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ User-agent: omgili
 User-agent: omgilibot
 User-agent: PanguBot
 User-agent: PerplexityBot
+User-agent: Perplexity‑User
 User-agent: PetalBot
 User-agent: Scrapy
 User-agent: SemrushBot-OCOB
--- a/table-of-bot-metrics.md
+++ b/table-of-bot-metrics.md
@ -1,47 +1,49 @@
 | Name | Operator | Respects `robots.txt` | Data use | Visit regularity | Description |
-|-----|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|
+|------|----------|-----------------------|----------|------------------|-------------|
 | AI2Bot | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
-| Ai2Bot-Dolma | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
+| Ai2Bot\-Dolma | [Ai2](https://allenai.org/crawler) | Yes | Content is used to train open language models. | No information provided. | Explores 'certain domains' to find web content. |
 | Amazonbot | Amazon | Yes | Service improvement and enabling answers for Alexa users. | No information provided. | Includes references to crawled website when surfacing answers via Alexa; does not clearly outline other uses. |
-| anthropic-ai | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
+| anthropic\-ai | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
 | Applebot | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Search Crawlers | Unclear at this time. | Applebot is a web crawler used by Apple to index search results that allow the Siri AI Assistant to answer user questions. Siri's answers normally contain references to the website. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/applebot |
-| Applebot-Extended | [Apple](https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829#datausage) | Yes | Powers features in Siri, Spotlight, Safari, Apple Intelligence, and others. | Unclear at this time. | Apple has a secondary user agent, Applebot-Extended ... [that is] used to train Apple's foundation models powering generative AI features across Apple products, including Apple Intelligence, Services, and Developer Tools. |
+| Applebot\-Extended | [Apple](https://support.apple.com/en-us/119829#datausage) | Yes | Powers features in Siri, Spotlight, Safari, Apple Intelligence, and others. | Unclear at this time. | Apple has a secondary user agent, Applebot-Extended ... [that is] used to train Apple's foundation models powering generative AI features across Apple products, including Apple Intelligence, Services, and Developer Tools. |
+| Brightbot 1\.0 | Browsing.ai | Unclear at this time. | LLM/AI training. | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products focused on website customer support. |
 | Bytespider | ByteDance | No | LLM training. | Unclear at this time. | Downloads data to train LLMS, including ChatGPT competitors. |
 | CCBot | [Common Crawl Foundation](https://commoncrawl.org) | [Yes](https://commoncrawl.org/ccbot) | Provides open crawl dataset, used for many purposes, including Machine Learning/AI. | Monthly at present. | Web archive going back to 2008. [Cited in thousands of research papers per year](https://commoncrawl.org/research-papers). |
-| ChatGPT-User | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Takes action based on user prompts. | Only when prompted by a user. | Used by plugins in ChatGPT to answer queries based on user input. |
-| Claude-Web | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
+| ChatGPT\-User | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Takes action based on user prompts. | Only when prompted by a user. | Used by plugins in ChatGPT to answer queries based on user input. |
+| Claude\-Web | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
 | ClaudeBot | [Anthropic](https://www.anthropic.com) | [Yes](https://support.anthropic.com/en/articles/8896518-does-anthropic-crawl-data-from-the-web-and-how-can-site-owners-block-the-crawler) | Scrapes data to train Anthropic's AI products. | No information provided. | Scrapes data to train LLMs and AI products offered by Anthropic. |
-| cohere-ai | [Cohere](https://cohere.com) | Unclear at this time. | Retrieves data to provide responses to user-initiated prompts. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Retrieves data based on user prompts. |
-| cohere-training-data-crawler | Cohere to download training data for its LLMs (Large Language Models) that power its enterprise AI products | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | cohere-training-data-crawler is a web crawler operated by Cohere to download training data for its LLMs (Large Language Models) that power its enterprise AI products. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/cohere-training-data-crawler |
+| cohere\-ai | [Cohere](https://cohere.com) | Unclear at this time. | Retrieves data to provide responses to user-initiated prompts. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Retrieves data based on user prompts. |
+| cohere\-training\-data\-crawler | Cohere to download training data for its LLMs (Large Language Models) that power its enterprise AI products | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | cohere-training-data-crawler is a web crawler operated by Cohere to download training data for its LLMs (Large Language Models) that power its enterprise AI products. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/cohere-training-data-crawler |
 | Crawlspace | [Crawlspace](https://crawlspace.dev) | [Yes](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42756654) | Scrapes data | Unclear at this time. | Provides crawling services for any purpose, probably including AI model training. |
 | Diffbot | [Diffbot](https://www.diffbot.com/) | At the discretion of Diffbot users. | Aggregates structured web data for monitoring and AI model training. | Unclear at this time. | Diffbot is an application used to parse web pages into structured data; this data is used for monitoring or AI model training. |
 | DuckAssistBot | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Assistants | Unclear at this time. | DuckAssistBot is used by DuckDuckGo's DuckAssist feature to fetch content and generate realtime AI answers to user searches. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/duckassistbot |
 | FacebookBot | Meta/Facebook | [Yes](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/bot/) | Training language models | Up to 1 page per second | Officially used for training Meta "speech recognition technology," unknown if used to train Meta AI specifically. |
 | FriendlyCrawler | Unknown | [Yes](https://imho.alex-kunz.com/2024/01/25/an-update-on-friendly-crawler) | We are using the data from the crawler to build datasets for machine learning experiments. | Unclear at this time. | Unclear who the operator is; but data is used for training/machine learning. |
-| Google-Extended | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | LLM training. | No information. | Used to train Gemini and Vertex AI generative APIs. Does not impact a site's inclusion or ranking in Google Search. |
+| Google\-Extended | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | LLM training. | No information. | Used to train Gemini and Vertex AI generative APIs. Does not impact a site's inclusion or ranking in Google Search. |
 | GoogleOther | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
-| GoogleOther-Image | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
-| GoogleOther-Video | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
+| GoogleOther\-Image | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
+| GoogleOther\-Video | Google | [Yes](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers) | Scrapes data. | No information. | "Used by various product teams for fetching publicly accessible content from sites. For example, it may be used for one-off crawls for internal research and development." |
 | GPTBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | Yes | Scrapes data to train OpenAI's products. | No information. | Data is used to train current and future models, removed paywalled data, PII and data that violates the company's policies. |
-| iaskspider/2.0 | iAsk | No | Crawls sites to provide answers to user queries. | Unclear at this time. | Used to provide answers to user queries. |
-| ICC-Crawler | [NICT](https://nict.go.jp) | Yes | Scrapes data to train and support AI technologies. | No information. | Use the collected data for artificial intelligence technologies; provide data to third parties, including commercial companies; those companies can use the data for their own business. |
+| iaskspider/2\.0 | iAsk | No | Crawls sites to provide answers to user queries. | Unclear at this time. | Used to provide answers to user queries. |
+| ICC\-Crawler | [NICT](https://nict.go.jp) | Yes | Scrapes data to train and support AI technologies. | No information. | Use the collected data for artificial intelligence technologies; provide data to third parties, including commercial companies; those companies can use the data for their own business. |
 | ImagesiftBot | [ImageSift](https://imagesift.com) | [Yes](https://imagesift.com/about) | ImageSiftBot is a web crawler that scrapes the internet for publicly available images to support our suite of web intelligence products | No information. | Once images and text are downloaded from a webpage, ImageSift analyzes this data from the page and stores the information in an index. Our web intelligence products use this index to enable search and retrieval of similar images. |
 | img2dataset | [img2dataset](https://github.com/rom1504/img2dataset) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes images for use in LLMs. | At the discretion of img2dataset users. | Downloads large sets of images into datasets for LLM training or other purposes. |
 | ISSCyberRiskCrawler | [ISS-Corporate](https://iss-cyber.com) | No | Scrapes data to train machine learning models. | No information. | Used to train machine learning based models to quantify cyber risk. |
 | Kangaroo Bot | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Kangaroo Bot is used by the company Kangaroo LLM to download data to train AI models tailored to Australian language and culture. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/kangaroo-bot |
-| Meta-ExternalAgent | [Meta](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers) | Yes. | Used to train models and improve products. | No information. | "The Meta-ExternalAgent crawler crawls the web for use cases such as training AI models or improving products by indexing content directly." |
-| Meta-ExternalFetcher | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Assistants | Unclear at this time. | Meta-ExternalFetcher is dispatched by Meta AI products in response to user prompts, when they need to fetch an individual links. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/meta-externalfetcher |
-| OAI-SearchBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | [Yes](https://platform.openai.com/docs/bots) | Search result generation. | No information. | Crawls sites to surface as results in SearchGPT. |
+| Meta\-ExternalAgent | [Meta](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters/web-crawlers) | Yes. | Used to train models and improve products. | No information. | "The Meta-ExternalAgent crawler crawls the web for use cases such as training AI models or improving products by indexing content directly." |
+| Meta\-ExternalFetcher | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Assistants | Unclear at this time. | Meta-ExternalFetcher is dispatched by Meta AI products in response to user prompts, when they need to fetch an individual links. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/meta-externalfetcher |
+| OAI\-SearchBot | [OpenAI](https://openai.com) | [Yes](https://platform.openai.com/docs/bots) | Search result generation. | No information. | Crawls sites to surface as results in SearchGPT. |
 | omgili | [Webz.io](https://webz.io/) | [Yes](https://webz.io/blog/web-data/what-is-the-omgili-bot-and-why-is-it-crawling-your-website/) | Data is sold. | No information. | Crawls sites for APIs used by Hootsuite, Sprinklr, NetBase, and other companies. Data also sold for research purposes or LLM training. |
 | omgilibot | [Webz.io](https://webz.io/) | [Yes](https://web.archive.org/web/20170704003301/http://omgili.com/Crawler.html) | Data is sold. | No information. | Legacy user agent initially used for Omgili search engine. Unknown if still used, `omgili` agent still used by Webz.io. |
 | PanguBot | the Chinese company Huawei | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | PanguBot is a web crawler operated by the Chinese company Huawei. It's used to download training data for its multimodal LLM (Large Language Model) called PanGu. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/pangubot |
-| PerplexityBot | [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/) | [No](https://www.macstories.net/stories/wired-confirms-perplexity-is-bypassing-efforts-by-websites-to-block-its-web-crawler/) | Used to answer queries at the request of users. | Takes action based on user prompts. | Operated by Perplexity to obtain results in response to user queries. |
+| PerplexityBot | [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/) | [Yes](https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/bots) | Search result generation. | No information. | Crawls sites to surface as results in Perplexity. |
+| Perplexity‑User | [Perplexity](https://www.perplexity.ai/) | [No](https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/bots) | Used to answer queries at the request of users. | Only when prompted by a user. | Visit web pages to help provide an accurate answer and include links to the page in Perplexity response. |
 | PetalBot | [Huawei](https://huawei.com/) | Yes | Used to provide recommendations in Hauwei assistant and AI search services. | No explicit frequency provided. | Operated by Huawei to provide search and AI assistant services. |
 | Scrapy | [Zyte](https://www.zyte.com) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data for a variety of uses including training AI. | No information. | "AI and machine learning applications often need large amounts of quality data, and web data extraction is a fast, efficient way to build structured data sets." |
-| SemrushBot-OCOB | [Semrush](https://www.semrush.com/) | [Yes](https://www.semrush.com/bot/) | Crawls your site for ContentShake AI tool. | Roughly once every 10 seconds. | You enter one text (on-demand) and we will make suggestions on it (the tool uses AI but we are not actively crawling the web, you need to manually enter one text/URL). |
-| SemrushBot-SWA | [Semrush](https://www.semrush.com/) | [Yes](https://www.semrush.com/bot/) | Checks URLs on your site for SWA tool. | Roughly once every 10 seconds. | You enter one text (on-demand) and we will make suggestions on it (the tool uses AI but we are not actively crawling the web, you need to manually enter one text/URL). |
+| SemrushBot\-OCOB | [Semrush](https://www.semrush.com/) | [Yes](https://www.semrush.com/bot/) | Crawls your site for ContentShake AI tool. | Roughly once every 10 seconds. | You enter one text (on-demand) and we will make suggestions on it (the tool uses AI but we are not actively crawling the web, you need to manually enter one text/URL). |
+| SemrushBot\-SWA | [Semrush](https://www.semrush.com/) | [Yes](https://www.semrush.com/bot/) | Checks URLs on your site for SWA tool. | Roughly once every 10 seconds. | You enter one text (on-demand) and we will make suggestions on it (the tool uses AI but we are not actively crawling the web, you need to manually enter one text/URL). |
 | Sidetrade indexer bot | [Sidetrade](https://www.sidetrade.com) | Unclear at this time. | Extracts data for a variety of uses including training AI. | No information. | AI product training. |
 | Timpibot | [Timpi](https://timpi.io) | Unclear at this time. | Scrapes data for use in training LLMs. | No information. | Makes data available for training AI models. |
 | VelenPublicWebCrawler | [Velen Crawler](https://velen.io) | [Yes](https://velen.io) | Scrapes data for business data sets and machine learning models. | No information. | "Our goal with this crawler is to build business datasets and machine learning models to better understand the web." |
-| Webzio-Extended | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Webzio-Extended is a web crawler used by Webz.io to maintain a repository of web crawl data that it sells to other companies, including those using it to train AI models. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/webzio-extended |
+| Webzio\-Extended | Unclear at this time. | Unclear at this time. | AI Data Scrapers | Unclear at this time. | Webzio-Extended is a web crawler used by Webz.io to maintain a repository of web crawl data that it sells to other companies, including those using it to train AI models. More info can be found at https://darkvisitors.com/agents/agents/webzio-extended |
 | YouBot | [You](https://about.you.com/youchat/) | [Yes](https://about.you.com/youbot/) | Scrapes data for search engine and LLMs. | No information. | Retrieves data used for You.com web search engine and LLMs. |
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
ai.robots.txt	5b8650b99b	Update from Dark Visitors Some checks failed / run-tests (push) Has been cancelled Details	2025-03-29 00:54:10 +00:00
dark-visitors	c249de99a3	Update from Dark Visitors	2025-03-28 00:54:28 +00:00
Cory Dransfeldt	ec18af7624	Revert "Merge pull request #91 from deyigifts/perplexity-user" This reverts commit `68d1d93714`.	2025-03-27 12:51:22 -07:00
ai.robots.txt	6851413c52	Merge pull request #94 from ThomasLeister/feature/implement-nginx-configuration-snippet-export Implement Nginx configuration snippet export	2025-03-27 19:49:15 +00:00
Glyn Normington	dba03d809c	Merge pull request #94 from ThomasLeister/feature/implement-nginx-configuration-snippet-export Implement Nginx configuration snippet export	2025-03-27 19:49:05 +00:00
ai.robots.txt	68d1d93714	Merge pull request #91 from deyigifts/perplexity-user Update perplexity bots	2025-03-27 19:29:30 +00:00
Cory Dransfeldt	1183187be9	Merge pull request #91 from deyigifts/perplexity-user Update perplexity bots	2025-03-27 12:29:21 -07:00
Thomas Leister	7c3b5a2cb2	Add tests for Nginx config generator	2025-03-27 18:28:21 +01:00
Thomas Leister	4f3f4cd0dd	Add assembled version of nginx-block-ai-bots.conf file	2025-03-27 12:43:36 +01:00
Thomas Leister	5a312c5f4d	Mention Nginx config feature in README	2025-03-27 12:43:29 +01:00
Thomas Leister	da85207314	Implement new function "json_to_nginx" which outputs an Nginx configuration snippet	2025-03-27 12:27:09 +01:00
deyigifts	6ecfcdfcbf	Update perplexity bot Update based on perplexity bot docs	2025-03-24 14:16:57 +08:00
Cory Dransfeldt	5e7c3c432f	Merge pull request #83 from glyn/81-doc-testing Document testing in README	2025-02-19 09:19:44 -08:00
Glyn Normington	9f41d4c11c	Merge pull request #84 from sideeffect42/tests-workflow Add run-tests workflow	2025-02-18 19:42:55 +00:00
Dennis Camera	8a74896333	Add workflow to run tests on pull request or push to main	2025-02-18 20:30:27 +01:00
Glyn Normington	1d55a205e4	Document testing in README Fixes: https://github.com/ai-robots-txt/ai.robots.txt/issues/81	2025-02-18 16:49:08 +00:00
Glyn Normington	8494a7fcaa	Merge pull request #80 from sideeffect42/htaccess-allow-robots_txt .htaccess: Allow robots access to `/robots.txt`	2025-02-18 16:42:36 +00:00
Dennis Camera	c7c1e7b96f	robots.py: Make executable	2025-02-18 12:55:17 +01:00
Dennis Camera	17b826a6d3	Update tests and convert to stock unittest For these simple tests Python's built-in unittest framework is more than enough. No additional dependencies are required. Added some more test cases with "special" characters to test the escaping code better.	2025-02-18 12:55:15 +01:00
Dennis Camera	0bd3fa63b8	table-of-bot-metrics.md: Escape robot names for Markdown table Some characters which could occur in a crawler's name have a special meaning in Markdown. They are escaped to prevent them from having unintended side effects. The escaping is only applied to the first (Name) column of the table. The rest of the columns is expected to already be Markdown encoded in robots.json.	2025-02-18 12:53:27 +01:00
Dennis Camera	a884a2afb9	.htaccess: Make regex in RewriteCond safe Improve the regular expression by removing unneeded anchors and escaping special characters (not just space) to prevent false positives or a misbehaving rewrite rule.	2025-02-18 12:53:22 +01:00
Dennis Camera	c0d418cd87	.htaccess: Allow robots access to /robots.txt	2025-02-18 12:49:29 +01:00
dark-visitors	abfd6dfcd1	Update from Dark Visitors	2025-02-17 00:53:32 +00:00
ai.robots.txt	693289bb29	chore: add Brightbot 1.0	2025-02-16 21:37:52 +00:00
Cory Dransfeldt	a9ec4ffa6f	chore: add Brightbot 1.0	2025-02-16 13:36:39 -08:00
Glyn Normington	03aa829913	Merge pull request #79 from always-be-testing/main List of AI bots Cloudflare considers "Verified"	2025-02-16 04:33:40 +00:00
always-be-testing	5b13c2e504	add more concise message about verified bots Co-authored-by: Glyn Normington <work@underlap.org>	2025-02-15 11:22:10 -05:00
always-be-testing	af87b85d7f	include return after heading	2025-02-14 12:39:08 -05:00
always-be-testing	f99339922f	grammar update and include syntax for verified bot condition	2025-02-14 12:36:33 -05:00
always-be-testing	e396a2ec78	forgot to include heading	2025-02-14 12:31:20 -05:00
always-be-testing	261a2b83b9	update README to inclide list of ai bots Cloudflare considers verified	2025-02-14 12:26:19 -05:00